Arts and Science

Published required and complementary course choices for the 54-credit Cognitive Science Interfaculty Program (B.A. & Sc.). This is a program within the degree, not the complete degree or a term-by-term timetable. Some requirements specify course levels or subjects rather than naming courses. 54 credits for this program; faculty-wide degree and foundation requirements apply separately.

• NSCI 201Introduction to Neuroscience 23 credits

  An introduction to how the nervous system acquires and integrates information and uses it to produce behaviour.

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• COMP 230Logic and Computability3 credits

  Propositional Logic, predicate calculus, proof systems, computability Turing machines, Church-Turing thesis, unsolvable problems, completeness, incompleteness, Tarski semantics, uses and misuses of Gödel's theorem.

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• MATH 318Mathematical Logic3 credits

  Propositional logic: truth-tables, formal proof systems, completeness and compactness theorems, Boolean algebras; first-order logic: formal proofs, Gödel's completeness theorem; axiomatic theories; set theory; Cantor's theorem, axiom of choice and Zorn's lemma, Peano arithmetic; Gödel's incompleteness theorem.

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• PHIL 210Introduction to Deductive Logic 13 credits

  An introduction to propositional and predicate logic; formalization of arguments, truth tables, systems of deduction, elementary metaresults, and related topics.

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• MATH 203Principles of Statistics 13 credits

  Examples of statistical data and the use of graphical means to summarize the data. Basic distributions arising in the natural and behavioural sciences. The logical meaning of a test of significance and a confidence interval. Tests of significance and confidence intervals in the one and two sample setting (means, variances and proportions).

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• MATH 323Probability3 credits

  Sample space, events, conditional probability, independence of events, Bayes' Theorem. Basic combinatorial probability, random variables, discrete and continuous univariate and multivariate distributions. Independence of random variables. Inequalities, weak law of large numbers, central limit theorem.

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• PSYC 204Introduction to Psychological Statistics3 credits

  The statistical analysis of research data; frequency distributions; graphic representation; measures of central tendency and variability; elementary sampling theory and tests of significance.

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• COMP 202Foundations of Programming3 credits

  Introduction to computer programming in a high level language: variables, expressions, primitive types, methods, conditionals, loops. Introduction to algorithms, data structures (arrays, strings), modular software design, libraries, file input/output, debugging, exception handling. Selected topics.

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• COMP 204Computer Programming for Life Sciences3 credits

  Computer Science (Sci): Computer programming in a high level language: variables, expressions, types, functions, conditionals, loops, objects and classes. Introduction to algorithms, modular software design, libraries, file input/output, debugging. Emphasis on applications in the life sciences.

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• COMP 250Introduction to Computer Science3 credits

  Object oriented programming in Java: classes and objects, interfaces, inheritance. Data structures and abstract data types: arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, binary trees,binary search trees, heaps, hash tables, graphs. Recursive and non-recursive algorithms and their asymptotic complexity: searching and sorting, tree and graph traversal. Mathematical tools: induction, recurrence relations.

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• LING 201Introduction to Linguistics3 credits

  General introduction to linguistics, the scientific study of human language. Covers the core theoretical subfields of linguistics: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Also provides background on other subfields including sociolinguistics, pragmatics, historical linguistics, linguistic variation, and language acquisition.

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• LING 210Introduction to Speech Science3 credits

  The course covers key concepts of speech science, including phonetics (acoustics, speech perception and production), fundamentals in the study of speech processing, speech development, and speech disorders, and introduces some basic methodologies of the field.

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• LING 260Meaning in Language3 credits

  A hands-on introduction to the strategies that natural languages use to convey meaning. Requiring no previous background in linguistics, the course surveys fundamental properties of word and sentence meaning and their interdependence with context. It provides an overview of the grammatical mechanisms that languages employ to construct the literal meanings of sentences from word meanings, explores how meanings are anchored to real life situations, and analyzes how meanings are routinely enriched in context by language users to convey more than what is literally expressed.

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• PHIL 200Introduction to Philosophy 13 credits

  A course treating some of the central problems of philosophy: the mind-body problem, freedom, scepticism and certainty, fate, time, and the existence of God.

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• PHIL 201Introduction to Philosophy 23 credits

  An introduction to some of the major problems of philosophy. This course does not duplicate PHIL 200 .

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• PHIL 221Introduction to History and Philosophy of Science 23 credits

  A survey of the development of modern science since the Eighteenth Century.

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• NSCI 200Introduction to Neuroscience 13 credits

  An introduction to how nerve cells generate action potentials, communicate with one another at synapses, develop synaptic connections, early brain development, and the construction of specific neural circuits.

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• PSYC 211Introductory Behavioural Neuroscience3 credits

  An introduction to contemporary research on the relationship between brain and behaviour. Topics include learning, memory and cognition, brain damage and neuroplasticity, emotion and motivation, and drug addiction and brain reward circuits. Much of the evidence will be drawn from the experimental literature on research with animals.

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• PSYC 212Perception3 credits

  Perception is the organization of sensory input into a representation of the environment. Topics include: survey of sensory coding mechanisms (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory), object recognition, spatial localization, perceptual constancies and higher level influences.

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• PSYC 213Cognition3 credits

  Where do thoughts come from? What is the nature of thought, and how does it arise in the mind and the brain? Cognition is the study of human information processing, and we will explore topics such as memory, attention, categorization, decision making, intelligence, philosophy of mind, and the mind-as computer metaphor.

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• COMP 206Introduction to Software Systems3 credits

  Comprehensive overview of programming in C, use of system calls and libraries, debugging and testing of code; use of developmental tools like make, version control systems.

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• COMP 251Algorithms and Data Structures3 credits

  Data Structures: priority queues, balanced binary search trees, hash tables, graphs. Algorithms: topological sort, connected components, shortest paths, minimum spanning trees, bipartite matching, network flows. Algorithm design: greedy, divide and conquer, dynamic programming, randomization. Mathematicaltools: proofs of asymptotic complexity and program correctness, Master theorem.

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• COMP 280History and Philosophy of Computing3 credits

  A history of early mathematical computation. Symbolic logic and computation. Modern computer systems and networks. The rise of the internet.

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• COMP 302Programming Languages and Paradigms3 credits

  Programming language design issues and programming paradigms. Binding and scoping, parameter passing, lambda abstraction, data abstraction, type checking. Functional and logic programming.

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• COMP 330Theory of Computation3 credits

  Finite automata, regular languages, context-free languages, push-down automata, models of computation, computability theory, undecidability, reduction techniques.

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• COMP 345From Natural Language to Data Science3 credits

  Introduction to language data science, including theoretical approaches and practical skills. Processing, searching, and querying text data; making sense of large corpora; modelling and interpreting psycholinguistic and historical language data; building models of sequences of words; computing similarity between languages; information retrieval and extraction; question answering; and ethics.

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• COMP 360Algorithm Design3 credits

  Advanced algorithm design and analysis. Linear programming, complexity and NP-completeness, advanced algorithmic techniques.

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• COMP 400Project in Computer Science4 credits

  A research project in any area of computer science, involving a programming effort and/or a theoretical investigation, and supervised by a faculty member in the School of Computer Science. Final written report required.

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• COMP 409Concurrent Programming3 credits

  Characteristics and utility of concurrent programs; formal methods for specification, verification and development of concurrent programs; communications, synchronization, resource allocation and management, coherency and integrity.

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• COMP 417Introduction Robotics and Intelligent Systems3 credits

  This course considers issues relevant to the design of robotic and of intelligent systems. How can robots move and interact. Robotic hardware systems. Kinematics and inverse kinematics. Sensors, sensor data interpretation and sensor fusion. Path planning. Configuration spaces. Position estimation. Intelligent systems. Spatial mapping. Multi-agent systems. Applications.

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• COMP 421Database Systems3 credits

  Database Design: conceptual design of databases (e.g., entity-relationship model), relational data model, functional dependencies. Database Manipulation: relational algebra, SQL, database application programming, triggers, access control. Database Implementation: transactions, concurrency control, recovery, query execution and query optimization.

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• COMP 424Artificial Intelligence3 credits

  Introduction to search methods. Knowledge representation using logic and probability. Planning and decision making under uncertainty. Introduction to machine learning.

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• COMP 445Computational Linguistics3 credits

  Introduction to foundational ideas in computational linguistics and natural language processing. Topics include formal language theory, probability theory, estimation and inference, and recursively defined models of language structure. Emphasis on both the mathematical foundations of the field as well as how to use these tools to understand human language.

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• COMP 451Fundamentals of Machine Learning3 credits

  Introduction to the computational, statistical and mathematical foundations of machine learning. Algorithms for both supervised learning and unsupervised learning. Maximum likelihood estimation, neural networks, and regularization.

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• COMP 523Language-based Security3 credits

  State-of-the-art language-based techniques for enforcing security policies in distributed computing environments. Static techniques (such as type- and proof-checking technology), verification of security policies and applications such as proof-carrying code, certifying compilers, and proof-carrying authentication.

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• COMP 527Logic and Computation3 credits

  Introduction to modern constructive logic, its mathematical properties, and its numerous applications in computer science.

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• COMP 531Advanced Theory of Computation3 credits

  Models for sequential and parallel computations: Turing machines, boolean circuits. The equivalence of various models and the Church-Turing thesis. Unsolvable problems. Model dependent measures of computational complexity. Abstract complexity theory. Exponentially and super-exponentially difficult problems. Complete problems.

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• COMP 545Natural Language Understanding with Deep Learning 4 credits

  Neural network-based methods for natural language understanding (NLU) and computational semantics. Continuous representations for words, phrases, sentences, and discourse, and their connection to formal semantics. Practical and ethical considerations in applications such as text classification, question answering, and conversational assistants.

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• COMP 546Computational Perception4 credits

  Computational models of visual perception and audition. Vision problems include stereopsis, motion, focus, perspective, color. Audition problems include source localization and recognition. Emphasis on physics of image formation, sensory signal processing, neural pathways and computation, psychophysical methods.

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• COMP 549Brain-Inspired Artificial Intelligence3 credits

  Overview of the influence of neuroscience and psychology on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Historical topics: perceptrons, the PDP framework, Hopfield nets, Boltzmann and Helmholtz machines, and the behaviourist origins of reinforcement learning. Modern topics: deep learning, attention, memory and consciousness. Emphasis on understanding the interdisciplinary foundations of modern AI.

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• COMP 550Natural Language Processing3 credits

  An introduction to the computational modelling of natural language, including algorithms, formalisms, and applications. Computational morphology, language modelling, syntactic parsing, lexical and compositional semantics, and discourse analysis. Selected applications such as automatic summarization, machine translation, and speech processing. Machine learning techniques for natural language processing.

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• COMP 551Applied Machine Learning4 credits

  Selected topics in machine learning and data mining, including clustering, neural networks, support vector machines, decision trees. Methods include feature selection and dimensionality reduction, error estimation and empirical validation, algorithm design and parallelization, and handling of large data sets. Emphasis on good methods and practices for deployment of real systems.

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• COMP 558Fundamentals of Computer Vision4 credits

  Image filtering, edge detection, image features and histograms, image segmentation, image motion and tracking, projective geometry, camera calibration, homographies, epipolar geometry and stereo, point clouds and 3D registration. Applications in computer graphics and robotics.

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• COMP 562Theory of Machine Learning4 credits

  Concentration inequalities, PAC model, VC dimension, Rademacher complexity, convex optimization, gradient descent, boosting, kernels, support vector machines, regression and learning bounds. Further topics selected from: Gaussian processes, online learning, regret bounds, basic neural network theory.

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• COMP 579Reinforcement Learning4 credits

  Bandit algorithms, finite Markov decision processes, dynamic programming, Monte-Carlo Methods, temporal-difference learning, bootstrapping, planning, approximation methods, on versus off policy learning, policy gradient methods temporal abstraction and inverse reinforcement learning.

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• MATH 222Calculus 33 credits

  Taylor series, Taylor's theorem in one and several variables. Review of vector geometry. Partial differentiation, directional derivative. Extreme of functions of 2 or 3 variables. Parametric curves and arc length. Polar and spherical coordinates. Multiple integrals.

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• MATH 223Linear Algebra3 credits

  Review of matrix algebra, determinants and systems of linear equations. Vector spaces, linear operators and their matrix representations, orthogonality. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization of Hermitian matrices. Applications.

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• MATH 240Discrete Structures3 credits

  Introduction to discrete mathematics and applications. Logical reasoning and methods of proof. Elementary number theory and cryptography: prime numbers, modular equations, RSA encryption. Combinatorics: basic enumeration, combinatorial methods, recurrence equations. Graph theory: trees, cycles, planar graphs.

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• NSCI 300Neuroethics3 credits

  An introduction to ethical issues arising from basic and clinical neuroscience. Overview of therapeutic, diagnostic, and research interventions in mental and neurological disorders, and their implications on society.

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• PHIL 306Philosophy of Mind3 credits

  A survey of major positions of the mind-body problem, focusing on such questions as: Do we have minds and bodies? Can minds affect bodies? Is mind identical to body? If so, in what sense "identical"? Can physical bodies be conscious.

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• PHIL 310Intermediate Logic3 credits

  A second course in Logic. NB. The course will be technical in nature, and some mathematical aptitude is essential. The emphasis is on the expressive properties of standard logical systems, including implications for the philosophy of mathematics. We will study the Completeness of First-Order Logic, then the 'limitative' theorems of Tarski and Gödel.

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• PHIL 311Philosophy of Mathematics3 credits

  This course provides an historically informed introduction to philosophy of mathematics. It gives the student an overview of prominent issues and arguments, to enable her to follow and discuss contemporary research in philosophy of mathematics.

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• PHIL 341Philosophy of Science 13 credits

  A discussion of philosophical problems as they arise in the context of scientific practice and enquiry. Such issues as the philosophical presuppositions of the physical and social sciences, the nature of scientific method and its epistemological implications will be addressed.

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• PHIL 354Plato3 credits

  An examination of some of the philosophical problems (those in logic, epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics, e.g.) found in a selection of Plato's dialogues.

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• PHIL 355Aristotle3 credits

  An examination of selected works by Aristotle. The course considers issues in moral philosophy as well as those found in the logical treatises, the Physics and Metaphysics, and in the philosophy of mind.

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• PHIL 36017th Century Philosophy3 credits

  An examination of the work of such seventeenth-century philosophers as Descartes, Hobbes, Gassendi, Malebranche, Leibniz, and the Cambridge Platonists.

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• PHIL 36118th Century Philosophy3 credits

  A survey of eighteenth century philosophy, especially British philosophy. Attention is given to fundamental metaphysical, epistemological, and moral issues as reflected in the work of such philosophers as Locke, Shaftesbury, Berkeley, Hutcheson, Butler, Hume and Reid.

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• PHIL 36719th Century Philosophy3 credits

  An examination of the works of such 19th century philosophers as Mach, Helmholtz, Dedekind, Frege, Marx, Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Mill and Bradley.

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• PHIL 411Topics in Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics3 credits

  A course focusing on some philosophical issue (e.g., the nature of numbers or the relation of truth to provability) as it arises in the study of mathematics and logic.

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• PHIL 415Philosophy of Language3 credits

  An examination of central notions in the philosophy of language (reference, meaning, and truth, e.g.), the puzzles these notions give rise to, and the relevance of these notions to such questions as: What is language? How is communication possible? What is understanding? Is language rule-governed.

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• PHIL 419Epistemology3 credits

  A discussion of central topics in the theory of knowledge. The questions addressed in the course may include: What is knowledge? Do we have any knowledge? What is the relation between knowledge and belief? When is belief justified? Is all knowledge conscious knowledge.

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• PHIL 421Metaphysics3 credits

  An examination of central questions in metaphysics in their historical and contemporary forms. Topics may be chosen from such issues as: personal identity, the nature of space and time, the nature of events and properties, possible worlds, and the problem of realism.

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• PHIL 441Philosophy of Science 23 credits

  An analysis of some key philosophical ideas in science and technology, e.g. problem, explanation, forecast, testability and truth.

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• PHIL 470Topics in Contemporary Analytic Philosophy3 credits

  An advanced discussion of major themes in the analytic tradition.

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• PHIL 474Phenomenology3 credits

  A study of phenomenology from a historical and thematic perspective. The course will typically involve the study of central thinkers such as Husserl, Heidegger, or Merleau-Ponty, with an examination of the nature and development of the phenomenological movement.

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• ANTH 440Cognitive Anthropology3 credits

  The problem of knowledge; the nature of perception; the concept of mind; the relation between thought and language. The concept of meaning: communication, interpretation and symbolism. Social aspects of cognition; ideology.

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• MUMT 250Music Perception and Cognition3 credits

  Basic processes by which the brain transforms sound waves into musical events, dimensions, systems and structures and the processes by which musicians imagine new musical sounds and structures and plan movements that produce music on instruments.

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• PSYC 301Animal Learning and Theory3 credits

  Contemporary and historical research and theory on animal learning approached from a behavioural, cognitive and biological perspective. Classical and instrumental conditioning, cognitive learning, and biological constraints. The status and history of North American behaviourism will be discussed and compared with cognitive and other approaches.

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• PSYC 302Pain3 credits

  An introduction to pain research and theory, with emphasis on the interactions of psychological, cultural and physiological factors in pain perception. The role of these factors in clinical pain and its management by pharmacological and non-pharmacological means will be discussed.

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• PSYC 303Introduction to Human Memory3 credits

  Introduction to human memory. Topics include: methods in memory research; major models and taxonomies of memory, such as the modal model, working memory, semantic, episodic, and procedural memory, declarative and non-declarative memory; fundamental memory processes, such as formation, maintenance, retrieval, and forgetting; memory development; autobiographical memory; metamemory; disorders of memory.

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• PSYC 304Child Development3 credits

  Psychology of children, covering critical issues, theories, biological underpinnings, experimental methods, and findings in perceptual, cognitive, language, emotional, and social development.

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• PSYC 305Statistics for Experimental Design3 credits

  An introduction to the design and analysis of experiments, including analysis of variance, planned and post hoc tests and a comparison of anova to correlational analysis.

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• PSYC 306Research Methods in Psychology3 credits

  The philosophy of science, the methods psychologists use, and how to interpret and evaluate psychological research. The ethical issues in psychological research and how to communicate psychological research in written and visual forms. How to become consumers of psychological science, and to provide building blocks to become expert producers of psychological science.

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• PSYC 310Intelligence3 credits

  Introduction to the evolution and assessment of intelligence. Emphasizes measurement and correlates of the human intellect and the role of environment and heredity in social and race differences in intellectual and adaptive functioning. Evolution of intelligence in vertebrates and other intelligences including practical and emotional intelligence will be covered.

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• PSYC 311Human Cognition and the Brain3 credits

  The course is an introduction to the field studying how human cognitive processes, such as perception, attention, language, learning and memory, planning and organization, are related to brain processes. The material covered is primarily based on studies of the effects of different brain lesions on cognition and studies of brain activity in relation to cognitive processes with modern functional neuroimaging methods.

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• PSYC 315Computational Psychology3 credits

  Application of computational methods to the simulation of psychological phenomena. Comparison of natural and artificial intelligence. Symbolic and neural network techniques. Methods for evaluating simulations.

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• PSYC 317Genes and Behaviour3 credits

  Focuses on current techniques employed to study which genes influence behaviour, and how they do so.

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• PSYC 318Behavioural Neuroscience 23 credits

  The physiological bases of motivational states, with respect to feeding, drinking, sexual behaviour, drug use, and aggression. Physiological bases of learning and memory.

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• PSYC 319Computational Models - Cognition3 credits

  Introduction to the purpose, design, and role of computational modeling in the cognitive sciences. Domains examined will include memory, categorization, and language. Focus will be on computational models to attain a better theoretical understanding of human behaviour. New trends, including the use of big data and machine learning.

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• PSYC 340Psychology of Language3 credits

  A survey of issues in psycholinguistics, focusing on the nature and processing of language (e.g., how we understand speech sounds, words, sentences, and discourse). Also surveyed: language and thought, the biological foundations of language, and first language acquisition.

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• PSYC 341The Psychology of Bilingualism3 credits

  This course will examine issues in bilingualism, including second language acquisition in children and adults, critical period hypothesis, cognitive consequences and correlates of bilingualism, social psychological aspects of bilingualism, and bilingual education.

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• PSYC 342Hormones and Behaviour3 credits

  The role of hormones in organization of CNS function, as effectors of behaviour, in expression of behaviours and in mental illness.

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• PSYC 352Research Methods and Laboratory in Cognitive Psychology3 credits

  Introduction to research methods and experimental techniques in cognitive psychology for exploring topics such as attention, memory, categorization, reasoning, and language processing.

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• PSYC 403Modern Psychology in Historical Perspective3 credits

  A survey of the scientific and ideological influences on psychology from its philosophical beginnings through the period of the schools to its modern situation.

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• PSYC 406Psychological Tests3 credits

  An introduction to the theory and practice of psychological measurement in health, educational, clinical and industrial/organizational settings. Attention to procedures for developing and validating tests and questionnaires. Techniques include: intelligence tests, projective tests, questionnaires, structured interviews, rating scales, and behavioural/performance tests.

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• PSYC 410Special Topics in Neuropsychology3 credits

  Developments in cognitive neuroscience and cognitive neuropsychiatry via readings from primary sources. Topics include the neural bases of memory, emotion, social cognition and neuropsychiatric diseases. Integrating knowledge from studies in clinical populations and functional neuroimaging studies.

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• PSYC 413Cognitive Development3 credits

  In-depth exploration of cognitive development in infants and children including knowledge representation and processing, conceptual development, language development, and theories and principles of cognitive development.

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• PSYC 427Sensorimotor Neuroscience3 credits

  A systematic examination of the sensorimotor system, drawing on models and data from both behavioural and physiological studies. Topics include: cortical motor areas, cerebellum, basal ganglia, spinal mechanisms, motor unit properties and force production, prioception, muscle properties.

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• PSYC 433Cognitive Science3 credits

  The multi-disciplinary study of cognitive science, exploring the computer metaphor of the mind as an information-processing system. Focus on levels of analysis, symbolic modeling, Turing machines, neural networks, as applied to topics such as reasoning, vision, decision-making, and consciousness.

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• PSYC 439Correlational Techniques3 credits

  The statistical analysis of relations among a number of variables in situations common in psychology. Methods include regression analysis, principal components analysis, and other techniques for modelling the structure of correlation matrices.

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• PSYC 443Affective Neuroscience3 credits

  Focus on the neurobiology of emotion, the links between emotion and cognition, and the role of experience and individual differences in emotional states associated with psychopathology.

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• PSYC 470Memory and Brain3 credits

  Memory systems are studied with an emphasis on the neural computations that occur at various stages of the processing stream, focusing on the hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, cerebellum and cortex. The data reviewed is obtained from human, non-human primates and rodents, with single unit recording, neuroimaging and brain damaged subjects.

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• PSYC 506Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention3 credits

  An introduction to cognitive properties and neural mechanisms of human attention. The material will include an overview of the history of attention research, contemporary theories of attention, the varieties of attention, behavioral and neuroimaging experimental methods, the nature of attentional dysfunctions, and the links between attention and other cognitive functions including memory and consciousness.

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• PSYC 513Human Decision-Making3 credits

  Interdisciplinary study of decision-making, covering contemporary approaches to understanding how humans compute values and make choices. Measurement of and techniques for assessing variables such as risk and uncertainty, utilities and preferences, reinforcement learning, heuristics and biases, and self-control. Emphasis on quantitative models of decision-making.

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• PSYC 514Neurobiology of Memory3 credits

  Advances in the understanding of the neurobiological bases of fundamental memory processes, such as memory consolidation maintenance, retrieval, and forgetting. The contribution of their dysregulation to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Consideration of findings from a variety of species, spanning insects to humans.

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• PSYC 522Neurochemistry and Behaviour3 credits

  Anatomical, biochemical and physiological aspects of neurotransmitter systems in the brain, current theories of the function of these systems in normal and abnormal behaviour, and the actions of psychotropic drugs.

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• PSYC 526Advances in Visual Perception3 credits

  We examine in detail the structure of the visual system, and its function as reflected in the perceptual abilities and behaviour of the organism. Parallels are also drawn with other sensory systems to demonstrate general principles of sensory coding.

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• PSYC 529Music Cognition3 credits

  Interdisciplinary study of music cognition, with an emphasis on psychological, computational, and neuroscientific approaches. Focuses on listeners' response to sound, including perception, attention, memory, motor control, skilled performance, and emotional response.

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• PSYC 531Structural Equation Models3 credits

  The course introduces basic concepts underlying structural equation models (SEM). SEM, which combine regression analysis and factor analysis, are quite useful and are currently very popular in analyzing data that arise in social, developmental and clinical psychology. The students are expected to get first-hand experiences in fitting SEM, and learn how to interpret and report the results from SEM.

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• PSYC 537Advanced Seminar in Psychology of Language3 credits

  Topics may include: the neural basis of language, evolutionary approaches to language, pragmatics and figurative language processing, disordered language processing, models of spoken word recognition.

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• PSYC 538Categorization, Communication and Consciousness3 credits

  The main challenges that cognitive science faces today, focusing on the capacity to learn sensorimotor categories, to name and describe them verbally, and to transmit them to others, concluding with cognition distributed on the Web.

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• PSYC 541Multilevel Modelling3 credits

  Basic concepts of multilevel linear and nonlinear models and applying these methods to empirical data.

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• PSYC 545Topics in Language Acquisition3 credits

  Psychological mechanisms and theories of first language acquisition in infancy and early childhood. Topics such as: infant speech perception, acquisition of grammar, word learning, pidgin and Creole languages, critical and sensitive periods, genetic and evolutionary bases of language.

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• PSYC 560Machine Learning Tools in Psychology 3 credits

  An overview of various methods for understanding and predicting complex and often large datasets, which have been developed in machine learning and statistics. It focuses on the conceptual underpinnings of popular supervised and unsupervised learning methods and the applications of the methods to various datasets from psychology and closely related disciplines (e.g. neuroscience, consumer behaviour, psychiatry) using existing software packages for the methods.

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• ANAT 321Circuitry of the Human Brain3 credits

  This course explores the functional organization of the human brain and spinal cord. The course focuses on how neuronal systems are designed to subserve specific motor, sensory, and cognitive operations.

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• BIOL 200Molecular Biology3 credits

  The physical and chemical properties of the cell and its components in relation to their structure and function. Topics include: protein structure, enzymes and enzyme kinetics; nucleic acid replication, transcription and translation; the genetic code, mutation, recombination, and regulation of gene expression.

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• BIOL 201Cell Biology and Metabolism3 credits

  This course introduces the student to our modern understanding of cells and how they work. Major topics to be covered include: photosynthesis, energy metabolism and metabolic integration; plasma membrane including secretion, endocytosis and contact mediated interactions between cells; cytoskeleton including cell and organelle movement; the nervous system; hormone signaling; the cell cycle.

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• BIOL 216Biology of Behaviour3 credits

  Introduction to the study of animal behaviour at the population, organismal, cellular, and molecular levels. Historical and contemporary methods and experiments will be presented and discussed to provide an overall appreciation of the biology of behaviour, with a focus on the application of multiple levels of analysis to biological phenomena and the formulation of hypotheses about evolution, development, function, and mechanisms of behavioural traits. Topics will range from how animals communicate with one another to the cellular mechanisms that allow information to be processed by nervous systems.

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• BIOL 306Neural Basis of Behaviour3 credits

  Neural mechanisms of animal behaviour; neuroethology; cellular neurophysiology, integrative networks within nervous systems; neural control of movement; processing of sensory information.

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• BIOL 307Behavioural Ecology3 credits

  How an organism’s behaviour relates to its physical, biological, and social environment, using evolutionary and ecological perspectives. Emphasis is on general principles, covering topics such feeding, predator avoidance, aggression, reproduction, social behaviour, communication and cognition.

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• BIOL 320Evolution of Brain and Behaviour3 credits

  Functional and comparative approach to neuroanatomy, examining how species changes in brain organization contribute to evolutionary changes in behaviour.

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• BIOL 389Laboratory in Neurobiology3 credits

  Methods of neurobiological research, including extracellular and intracellular recordings, electrical stimulation, and the study of neuro-behavioural problems.

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• BIOL 414Invertebrate Brain Circuits and Behaviours 3 credits
• BIOL 506Neurobiology of Learning3 credits

  Exploration of the neurobiological basis of learning, from molecules to circuits, focusing on the synaptic, cellular and circuit-level processes that support learning, in the context of different brain regions and forms of learning.

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• BIOL 507Animal Communication3 credits

  Introduction to communication between animals, including humans. Physical and phylogenetic constraints on the evolution of communication systems will be discussed. The approach to communication will draw from behavioural ecology, psychology, physiology and physics.

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• BIOL 517Cognitive Ecology3 credits

  Cognition refers to the processes of acquiring, retaining, and using information. In the wild, an organism relies on a wide variety of information to interact with its environment and these interactions affect its survival and reproduction. Focus on the ecology and evolution of cognition and its underlying neural mechanisms. Examines links between cognition, behaviour in the wild, and the brain. Builds upon the principles of behavioural ecology and behavioural neuroscience.

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• BIOL 530Advances in Neuroethology3 credits

  Neural mechanisms underlying behaviour in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms.

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• BIOL 532Developmental Neurobiology Seminar3 credits

  Discussions of all aspects of nervous system development including pattern formation, cell lineage, pathfinding and targeting by growing axons, and neural regeneration. The basis for these discussions will be recent research papers and other assigned readings.

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• BIOL 580Genetic Approaches to Neural Systems3 credits

  This course will focus on recent research employing genetic-based methods to examine the functional and structural properties of the nervous system. The focus will be on approaches for studying neural circuits and behavior in a range of model organisms. Topics will include recent technological advances, such as optogenetics for modifying and controlling neuronal activity, and animal models of neurological diseases. Students will critically analyze the application of these methods to current research through in-class discussion of primary literature, student presentations, and written assignments.

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• BIOL 588Advances in Molecular/Cellular Neurobiology3 credits

  Discussion of fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying the general features of cellular neurobiology. An advanced course based on lectures and on a critical review of primary research papers.

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• CHEM 212Introductory Organic Chemistry 14 credits

  A fundamental study of aliphatic compounds and saturated functional groups including modern concepts of bonding, reaction mechanisms, conformational analysis, spectroscopy, and stereochemistry.

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• NEUR 310Cellular Neurobiology3 credits

  A survey of the functional organization of nerve cells, signalling in the nervous system, and principles of neural development. Topics include cell polarity, neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, receptors and second messengers, cell lineage, guidance of axon outgrowth, and nerve regeneration. Emphasis will be placed on analysis of neurons at the molecular level.

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• NEUR 503Computational Neuroscience3 credits

  A survey of computational methods commonly used to model brain function, including mathematical modeling to describe the relationship between neuronal activity and perception, action, and cognition. Mathematical basis for vision, motor control and attention. Data relevant to brain processes and models explaining these data, using engineering, statistics and artificial intelligence.

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• NEUR 507Topics in Radionuclide Imaging3 credits

  The course deals with neuroreceptor and oncologic imaging and imaging of cerebral bloodflow and metabolism. The role of radiochemistry and physics will be demonstrated in the context of clinical and research applications. Understanding how radiochemistry and physics intermingle with the medical aspects of radiotracer development will result in a deeper insight into the complex pathways of tracer design and the methods necessary to properly interpret the data obtained.

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• PHGY 209Mammalian Physiology 13 credits

  Physiology of body fluids, blood, body defense mechanisms, muscle, peripheral, central, and autonomic nervous systems.

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• PHGY 311Channels, Synapses and Hormones3 credits

  In-depth presentation of experimental results and hypotheses on cellular communication in the nervous system and the endocrine system.

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• PHGY 314Integrative Neuroscience3 credits

  In depth presentation of experimental results and hypotheses underlying our current understanding of how single neurons and ensembles of neurons encode sensory information, generate movement, and control cognitive functions such as emotion, learning, and memory, during voluntary behaviours.

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• PHGY 556Topics in Systems Neuroscience3 credits

  Topics of current interest in systems neurophysiology and behavioural neuroscience including: the neural representation of sensory information and motor behaviours, models of sensory motor integration, and the computational analysis of problems in motor control and perception. Students will be expected to present and critically discuss journal articles in class.

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• PSYC 444Sleep Mechanisms and Behaviour3 credits

  This course covers basic biological mechanisms, possible functions and behavioural aspects of sleep. Additional topics include: disorders of sleep, their effects on behaviour and cognition, and treatment approaches; as well as medical, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and drugs, that affect sleep.

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• PSYC 502Psychoneuroendocrinology3 credits

  This advanced seminar course offers an in-depth introduction to current topics in psychoneuroendocrinology. Students will read and discuss original scientific literature from human and animal research interrogating the mechanisms by which hormones act in the brain to influence behaviour in health and disease. Students will gain a refined understanding of key concepts in psychoneuroendocrinology, such as negative feedback control and the key neuroendocrine axes and their role in behavioural control. They will apply this knowledge to critically evaluate original scientific literature and generate hypothesis-driven research questions from the scientific literature.

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• PSYT 301Issues in Drug Dependence3 credits

  The phenomenology and epidemiology of the use and abuse of alcohol, nicotine, opiates, stimulants, sedatives and psychotomimetic agents are discussed in relation to current theoretical and experimental issues. The perspective is multidisciplinary and the intention is to develop an understanding of the nature of the issues surrounding drug dependence.

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• PSYT 500Advances: Neurobiology of Mental Disorders3 credits

  Current theories on the neurobiological basis of most well known mental disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, dementia). Methods and strategies in research on genetic, physiological and biochemical factors in mental illness will be discussed. Discussion will also focus on the rationale for present treatment approaches and on promising new approaches.

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• PSYT 515Advanced Studies in Addiction3 credits

  Critical assessment of research tools, reported data, and theoretical perspectives on drug addiction, with an emphasis on multi-factorial and inter-disciplinary approaches.

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• COGS 401Research Cognitive Science 16 credits

  Research project supervised by a McGill Faculty member.

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Published required and complementary course choices for the 54-credit Environment Interfaculty Program (B.A. & Sc.). This is a program within the degree, not the complete degree or a term-by-term timetable. Some requirements specify course levels or subjects rather than naming courses. 54 credits for this program; faculty-wide degree and foundation requirements apply separately.

• ENVR 200The Global Environment3 credits

  A systems approach to study the different components of the environment involved in global climate change: the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The interactions among these components. Their role in global climate change. The human dimension to global change.

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• ENVR 201Society, Environment and Sustainability3 credits

  This course deals with how scientific-technological, socio-economic, political-institutional and behavioural factors mediate society-environment interactions. Issues discussed include population and resources; consumption, impacts and institutions; integrating environmental values in societal decision-making; and the challenges associated with, and strategies for, promoting sustainability. Case studies in various sectors and contexts are used.

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• ENVR 202The Evolving Earth3 credits

  Formation of the Earth and the evolution of life. How geological and biological change are the consequence of history, chance, and necessity acting over different scales of space and time. General principles governing the formation of modern landscapes and biotas. Effects of human activities on natural systems.

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• ENVR 203Knowledge, Ethics and Environment3 credits

  Introduction to cultural perspectives on the environment: the influence of culture and cognition on perceptions of the natural world; conflicts in orders of knowledge (models, taxonomies, paradigms, theories, cosmologies), ethics (moral values, frameworks, dilemmas), and law (formal and customary, rights and obligations) regarding political dimensions of critical environments, resource use, and technologies.

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• ENVR 301Environmental Research Design3 credits

  Techniques used in design and completion of environmental research projects. Problem definition, data sources and use of appropriate strategies and methodologies. Principles underlying research design are emphasized, including critical thinking, recognizing causal relationships, ideologies and bias in research, and when and where to seek expertise.

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• ENVR 400Environmental Thought3 credits

  Students work in interdisciplinary seminar groups on challenging philosophical, ethical, scientific and practical issues. They will explore cutting-edge ideas and grapple with the reconciliation of environmental imperatives and social, political and economic pragmatics. Activities include meeting practitioners, attending guest lectures, following directed readings, and organizing, leading and participating in seminars.

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• AEBI 427Barbados Interdisciplinary Project6 credits

  The planning of projects and research activities related to tropical food, nutrition, or energy at the local, regional, or national scale in Barbados. Projects and activities designed in consultation with university instructors, government, NGO, or private partners, and prepared by teams of 2-3 students working cooperatively with these mentors.

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• ENVR 401Environmental Research3 credits

  Students work in an interdisciplinary team on a real-world research project involving problem definition, methodology development, social, ethical and environmental impact assessment, execution of the study, and dissemination of results to the research community and to the people affected. Teams begin defining their projects during the preceding summer.

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• ENVR 451Research in Panama6 credits

  Research projects will be developed by instructors in consultation with Panamanian universities, government agencies and non-governmental organizations. Project groups will consist of four to six students working with a Panamanian institution. Topics will be relevant to Panama: e.g., protection of the Canal watershed, economical alternatives to deforestation, etc.

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• FSCI 444Barbados Research Project6 credits

  A research project that is supervised by McGill academic staff and is conducted in collaboration with local partners. The project topic must relate to the field of sustainability relating to the Caribbean or Barbados specifically.

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• GEOG 451Research in Society and Development in Africa3 credits

  Three intersecting components: 1) core development themes including culture change, environmental conservation, water, health, development (urban and rural), governance and conflict resolution, 2) research techniques for topics related to core themes, including ethics, risk, field methods and data analysis, 3) field documentation, scientific recording and communication.

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• AEMA 310Statistical Methods 13 credits

  Measures of central tendency and dispersion; binomial and Poisson distributions; normal, chi-square, Student's t and Fisher-Snedecor F distributions; estimation and hypothesis testing; simple linear regression and correlation; analysis of variance for simple experimental designs.

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• GEOG 202Statistics and Spatial Analysis3 credits

  Exploratory data analysis, univariate descriptive and inferential statistics, non-parametric statistics, correlation and simple regression. Problems associated with analysing spatial data such as the 'modifiable areal unit problem' and spatial autocorrelation. Statistics measuring spatial pattern in point, line and polygon data.

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• MATH 203Principles of Statistics 13 credits

  Examples of statistical data and the use of graphical means to summarize the data. Basic distributions arising in the natural and behavioural sciences. The logical meaning of a test of significance and a confidence interval. Tests of significance and confidence intervals in the one and two sample setting (means, variances and proportions).

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• PSYC 204Introduction to Psychological Statistics3 credits

  The statistical analysis of research data; frequency distributions; graphic representation; measures of central tendency and variability; elementary sampling theory and tests of significance.

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• BIOL 308Ecological Dynamics3 credits

  Principles of population, community, and ecosystem dynamics: population growth and regulation, species interactions, dynamics of competitive interactions and of predator/prey systems; evolutionary dynamics.

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• BIOL 342Global Change Biology of Aquatic Ecosystems3 credits

  An introduction to freshwater and marine biology. Topics include the structure and functioning of the major aquatic ecosystems and how these aspects are affected by global change drivers.

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• BIOL 432Limnology3 credits

  A study of the physical, chemical and biological properties of lakes and other inland waters, with emphasis on their functioning as systems.

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• BIOL 441Biological Oceanography3 credits

  An introduction to how the ocean functions biologically: biology and ecology of marine plankton; regulation, extent and fate of production in the sea.

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• BIOL 540Ecology of Species Invasions3 credits

  Causes and consequences of biological invasion, as well as risk assessment methods and management strategies for dealing with invasive species.

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• ENVB 305Population and Community Ecology3 credits

  Interactions between organisms and their environment; historical and current perspectives in applied and theoretical population and community ecology. Principles of population dynamics, feedback loops, and population regulation. Development and structure of communities; competition, predation and food web dynamics. Biodiversity science in theory and practice.

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• ENVB 410Ecosystem Ecology3 credits

  Biotic and abiotic processes that control the flows of energy, nutrients and water through ecosystems; emergent system properties; approaches to analyzing complex systems. Labs include collection and multivariate analysis of field data.

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• ENVB 500Advanced Topics in Ecotoxicology3 credits

  Exploring the impact of environmental chemicals on biological organisms in an ecological context. Basic topics in ecotoxicology, such as source and fate, routes of exposure, bioavailability, dose-response, biomarkers, and risk assessment will be covered from both theoretical and applied perspectives. The processes by which pollutants are tested, regulated, and monitored will be critically examined.

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• ENVR 540Ecology of Species Invasions3 credits

  Causes and consequences of biological invasion, as well as risk assessment methods and management strategies for dealing with invasive species.

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• PLNT 460Plant Ecology3 credits

  Theory and practice of plant ecology with an emphasis on the interaction between patterns and ecological processes and the dynamics, conservation and management of plant populations and communities over a range of temporal and spatial scales.

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• BIOL 305Animal Diversity3 credits

  The characteristics of the major groups of animals, their ancestry, history and relationship to one another. The processes of speciation, adaptive radiation and extinction responsible for diversity. Methods for constructing of phylogenies, for comparing phenotypes, and for estimating and analyzing diversity.

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• BIOL 310Biodiversity and Ecosystems3 credits

  Ecological bases of the natural causes and consequences of current global environmental changes, including how biodiversity and ecosystem processes are defined and measured, how they vary in space and time, how they are affected by physical and biological factors, and how they affect each other and human societies.

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• BIOL 343Biodiversity in the Caribean3 credits

  Biodiversity loss and the measure of ecological integrity of ecosystems, patterns of diversification and evolution of terrestrial and oceanic biotas in the Caribbean.

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• BIOL 427Herpetology3 credits

  Principles of biology as exemplified by amphibians and reptiles. Topics include: adaptation, social behaviour, reproductive strategies, physiology, biomechanics, ecology, biogeography and evolution. Laboratories will emphasize structure, systematics and identification of local and world herpetofauna as well as field methods.

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• BIOL 465Conservation Biology3 credits

  Discussion of relevant theoretical and applied issues in conservation biology. Topics: biodiversity, population viability analysis, community dynamics, biology of rarity, extinction, habitat fragmentation, social issues.

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• MICR 331Microbial Ecology3 credits

  The ecology of microorganisms, primarily bacteria and archaea, and their roles in biogeochemical cycles. Microbial interactions with the environment, plants, animals and other microbes emphasizing the underlying genetics and physiology. Diversity, evolution (microbial phylogenetics) and the application of molecular biology in microbial ecology.

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• PLNT 358Flowering Plant Diversity3 credits

  Principles of classification and identification of flowering plants and ferns, with emphasis on 35 major families of flowering plants and the habitats in which they grow.

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• WILD 307Natural History of Vertebrates3 credits

  The diversity and natural history of Canadian vertebrates illustrated with trophic, phylogenetic, and macroecological approaches.

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• WILD 350Mammalogy3 credits

  This course focuses on the evolution, classification, ecology and behaviour of mammals and relations between humans and mammals. Also structure, systematics and identification of local and world mammals, as well as field methods will be emphasized.

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• WILD 420Ornithology3 credits

  Taxonomic relationships and evolution of birds. Examination of the physiology, migration, identification and ecological processes of North American birds.

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• BIOL 240Monteregian Flora3 credits

  Field studies of ferns, fern allies, conifers and flowering plants; the use of keys for plant identification.

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• BIOL 331Ecology/Behaviour Field Course3 credits

  Methods of sampling natural populations. Testing hypotheses in nature.

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• BIOL 334D1Applied Tropical Ecology1.5 credits

  Relevant to agriculture, forestry, fisheries and conservation of natural resources. Field component taught at the University's Bellairs Research Institute in Barbados, for two weeks in early May. The course is organized in a series of small-group field projects of 2-3 days each. Interested students should check the course website, attend the full information session and fill out an application form.

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• BIOL 334D2Applied Tropical Ecology1.5 credits

  See BIOL 334D1 for course description.

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• BIOL 335Marine Mammals3 credits

  Biology of marine mammals with special emphasis on seals and whales of the Bay of Fundy. Taught at the Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, N.B., for two weeks in August. The course combines lectures, laboratory exercises, field trips, and individual projects.

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• BIOL 553Neotropical Environments3 credits

  Ecology revisited in view of tropical conditions. Exploring species richness. Sampling and measuring biodiversity. Conservation status of ecosystems, communities and species. Indigenous knowledge.

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• GEOG 495Field Studies - Physical Geography3 credits

  Field research projects in physical geography. Held locally in Monteregian or Eastern Township regions. The course is organised around field projects designed to formulate and test scientific hypotheses in a physical geography discipline. May Summer session.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• WILD 475Desert Ecology3 credits

  A three week field course exploring relationships between climate, geology, landforms, biodiversity, biotic adaptations and ecosystem conditions in the arid regions of Arizona and southern California. Focus is on the Sonoran and Mojave deserts but includes the transitions to adjacent grassland and forest biomes of the Sky Islands and Colorado Plateau. Exploration of issues arising from human use of land and water, and conservation in arid environments. Experiential learning involving team and individual projects and assignments before and during the field trip.

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• BREE 217Hydrology and Water Resources3 credits

  Introduction to water resources and hydrologic cycle. Precipitation and hydrologic frequency analysis. Soil water processes, infiltration theory and modeling. Evapotranspiration estimation methods and crop water requirements. Surface runoff estimation as a function of land use modifications. Estimation of peak runoff rates. Unit hydrograph. Design of open channels and vegetated waterways.

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• CIVE 323Hydrology and Water Resources3 credits

  Precipitation, evaporation and transpiration. Streamflow, storage reservoirs, flood routing. Groundwater hydrology. Ecohydrology. Statistical analysis in hydrology, stochastic modelling. Simulations using hydrologic models. Case studies in flood damage mitigation, surface and ground water management, and water-energy-food nexus.

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• EPSC 522Advanced Environmental Hydrology3 credits

  Traditional and emerging theories of dominant runoff generation processes. Streamflow generation. Surface and near-surface solute and contaminant transport. Concentration-discharge relationships. Geochemical mixing models. Dyes and biological tracers of water. Isotope ecohydrology. Water source and water age estimation approaches. Development, execution, and evaluation of process-based watershed models. Case studies from forested, agricultural and periurban watersheds.

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• EPSC 549Hydrogeology3 credits

  Introduction to groundwater flow through porous media. Notions of fluid potential and hydraulic head. Darcy flux and Darcy's Law. Physical properties of porous media and their measurement. Equation of groundwater flow. Flow systems. Hydraulics of pumping and recharging wells. Notions of hydrology. Groundwater quality and contamination. Physical processes of contaminant transport.

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• GEOG 322Environmental Hydrology3 credits

  Quantitative, experimental study of the principles governing the movement of water at or near the Earth's surface and how the research relates to the chemistry and biology of ecosystems.

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• GEOG 470Wetlands3 credits

  An examination of the structure, function and utility of wetlands. Topics include the fluxes of energy and water, wetland biogeochemistry, plant ecology in freshwater and coastal wetlands and wetlands use, conservation and restoration. Field trip(s) are envisaged to illustrate issues covered in class.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 522Advanced Environmental Hydrology3 credits

  Traditional and emerging theories of dominant runoff generation processes. Streamflow generation. Surface and near-surface solute and contaminant transport. Concentration-discharge relationships. Geochemical mixing models. Dyes and biological tracers of water. Isotope ecohydrology. Water source and water age estimation approaches. Development, execution, and evaluation of process-based watershed models. Case studies from forested, agricultural and periurban watersheds.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 530Global Land and Water Resources3 credits

  Linkage of physical processes (hydrology and ecosystems) with issues of societal and socio-economic relevance (land, food, and water use appropriation for human well-being). Application of a holistic perspective on land, food and water issues in an international setting, highlighting linkages, feedbacks and trade-offs in an Earth system context.

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• NUTR 307Metabolism and Human Nutrition3 credits

  This course looks at the importance of nutrition from the molecular to the organismal levels in human health and disease. The focus will be on the significance of nutrients in regulating metabolism, and impact of genotype in the metabolism of nutrients.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• PARA 410Environment and Infection3 credits

  Infectious pathogens of humans and animals and their impact on the global environment are considered. The central tenet is that infectious pathogens are environmental risk factors. The course considers their impact on the human condition and juxtaposes the impact of control and treatment measures and environmental change.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• PATH 300Human Disease3 credits

  Provides a fundamental understanding of the diseases prevalent in North America, for upper level students in the biological sciences. Includes: general responses of cells and organ systems to injury; assessment of individual diseases by relating the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention to the primary biological abnormalities in each disorder.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• PHAR 303Principles of Toxicology3 credits

  Fundamental mechanisms by which toxic compounds damage a biological system (organelle, cell, organ, organism, ecosystem). Detection and quantification of toxicity and risk/benefit analysis are considered. Selected agents of current risk to human health or the environment are evaluated in depth.

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• ATOC 215Oceans, Weather and Climate3 credits

  An introduction to key physical and dynamical processes in the oceans and atmosphere. Topics typically include air-sea-ice interactions, laws of motion, the geostrophic and thermal wind relations, general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans, weather, radiative balance, climate sensitivity and variability, role of the atmosphere and oceans in climate.

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• ATOC 341Caribbean Climate and Weather3 credits

  The climate system and ongoing global change, ocean and atmosphere circulation and future trends in the tropics; local climate variability and dynamics, extreme weather events in the Caribbean .

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• EPSC 201Understanding Planet Earth3 credits

  Learn about Earth's origin, its place in the solar system, its internal structure, rocks and minerals, the formation of metal and fossil fuel deposits, and the extinction of dinosaurs. Discover the impact of the volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and mountain chains on Earth's past, present and future. Explore 125 million-year-old Mount Royal.

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• GEOG 272Earth's Changing Surface3 credits

  Introduction to the study of landforms as products of geomorphic and geologic systems acting at and near the Earth's surface. The process geomorphology approach will be used to demonstrate how landforms of different geomorphic settings represent a dynamic balance between forces acting in the environment and the physical properties of materials present.

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• GEOG 305Soils and Environment3 credits

  Discussion of the major properties of soils; soil formation, classification and mapping; land capability assessment; the role and response of soils in natural and disturbed environments (e.g. global change, ecosystem disturbance).

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 321Climatic Environments3 credits

  The earth-atmosphere system, radiation and energy balances. Surface-atmosphere exchange of energy, mass and momentum and related atmospheric processes on a local and regional scale. Introduction to measurement theory and practice in micrometeorology.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• AGEC 200Principles of Microeconomics3 credits

  The field of economics as it relates to the activities of individual consumers, firms and organizations. Emphasis is on the application of economic principles and concepts to everyday decision making and to the analysis of current economic issues.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• AGEC 333Resource Economics3 credits

  The role of resources in the environment, use of resources, and management of economic resources within the firm or organization. Problem-solving, case studies involving private and public decision-making in organizations are utilized.

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• ECON 208Microeconomic Analysis and Applications3 credits

  A university-level introduction to demand and supply, consumer behaviour, production theory, market structures and income distribution theory.

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• ECON 326Ecological Economics3 credits

  Macroeconomic and structural aspects of the ecological crisis. A course in which subjects discussed include the conflict between economic growth and the laws of thermodynamics; the search for alternative economic indicators; the fossil fuels crisis; and "green'' fiscal policy.

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• ECON 347Economics of Climate Change3 credits

  The course focuses on the economic implications of, and problems posed by, predictions of global warming due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Attention is given to economic policies such as carbon taxes and tradeable emission permits and to the problems of displacing fossil fuels with new energy technologies.

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• ECON 405Natural Resource Economics3 credits

  Topics include: Malthusian and Ricardian Scarcity; optimal depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources; exploration, risk and industry structure, and current resources, rent and taxation. Current public policies applied to the resource industries, particularly those of a regulatory nature.

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• ECON 511Energy, Economy and Environment3 credits

  Interdisciplinary study of the short-term and long-term interactions between economic activity, energy usage and the environment. Implications of rising fossil fuels usage for environmental damage and its consequences for the future. The political economy of energy in national politics and international relations; the interface of energy and financial flows; the challenge of globally managing toxic residues.

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• GEOG 216Geography of the World Economy3 credits

  The course introduces the geography of the world economic system. It describes the spatial distribution of economic activities and examines the factors which influence their changing location. Case studies from both "developed" and "developing" countries will test the different geographical theories presented in lectures.

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• AGRI 411Global Issues on Development, Food and Agriculture3 credits

  International development and world food security and challenges in developing countries. Soil and water management, climate change, demographic issues, plant and animal resources conservation, bio-products and biofuels, economic and environmental issues specially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Globalization, sustainable development, technology transfer and human resources needs for rural development.

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• ANTH 212Anthropology of Development3 credits

  Processes of developmental change, as they affect small communities in the Third World and in unindustrialized parts of developed countries. Problems of technological change, political integration, population growth, industrialization, urban growth, social services, infrastructure and economic dependency.

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• ANTH 418Environment and Development3 credits

  Advanced study of the environmental crisis in developing and advanced industrial nations, with emphasis on the social and cultural dimensions of natural resource management and environmental change. Each year, the seminar will focus on a particular set of issues, delineated by type of resource, geographic region, or analytical problem.

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• ECON 313Economic Development 13 credits

  Microeconomic theories of economic development and empirical evidence on population, labour, firms, poverty. Inequality and environment.

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• ECON 314Economic Development 23 credits

  Macroeconomic development issues, including theories of growth, public finance, debt, currency crises, corruption, structural adjustment, democracy and global economic organization.

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• GEOG 325New Master-Planned Cities3 credits

  This course examines the origins, designs, motivations and cultural politics of planned cities, focusing primarily on those currently under construction in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. A variety of themes will be explored including design responses to urban pollution and over-crowding, 'new' cities from earlier decades, totalitarianism and the city, utopianism, 'green' cities, and 'creative' cities. The course examines the various motivations underlying the design and construction of planned cities and how they are shaped by power, religion, and political ideologies. There will be a focus on evolving concepts used in city design as well as the continuities and cultural revivalism expressed through urban design and architecture. Students interested in urban and cultural geography, cities, architecture and planning in different cultural contexts will enjoy this course.

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• GEOG 408Geography of Development3 credits

  Examines the geographical dimensions of development policy, specifically the relationships between the process of development and human-induced environmental change. Focuses on environmental sustainability, struggles over resource control, population and poverty, and levels of governance (the role of the state, non-governmental organizations, and local communities).

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• GEOG 409Geographies of Developing Asia3 credits

  Current development questions that are of concern to the Asian region. Emphasis on critically studying the major processes of social, economic and environmental change through regional case studies in rural, peri-urban and urban contexts. Covers important debates and considerations that lie at the heart of development geography.

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• GEOG 423Dilemmas of Development3 credits

  Africa seems beset by development problems. Some of these appear to have no clear answer. Such dilemmas present significant barriers to moving forward with durable, effective development in Africa. This course will examine two primary and frequently interlocked dilemmas in East Africa with wide ranging impact - food security, and conflict.

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• POLI 227Introduction to Comparative Politics - Global South3 credits

  An introduction to politics across the Global South. A comparative examination of the legacies of colonialism, the achievement of independence, and political and socio-economic development in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Topics include modernization, dependency, state-building, political violence, revolution, the role of the military, authoritarianism, and democratization.

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• POLI 445International Political Economy: Monetary Relations3 credits

  Advanced course in international political economy; the politics of international of monetary relations, such as international rules governing international finance, the reasons for and consequences of financial flows, and the functioning of international financial bodies such as the IMF and World Bank.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ANTH 206Environment and Culture3 credits

  Introduction to ecological anthropology, focusing on social and cultural adaptations to different environments, human impact on the environment, cultural constructions of the environment, management of common resources, and conflict over the use of resources.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ANTH 339Ecological Anthropology3 credits

  Intensive study of theories and cases in ecological anthropology. Theories are examined and tested through comparative case-study analysis. Cultural constructions of "nature" and "environment" are compared and analyzed. Systems of resource management and conflicts over the use of resources are studied in depth.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ENVR 421Montreal: Environmental History and Sustainability3 credits

  This course will focus on the role of place and history in the cities in which we live and in our understanding of sustainability. Each year, students will work to develop a historical reconstruction of the natural environment of Montreal and of its links to the cultural landscape, building on the work of previous cohorts of students.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 210Global Places and Peoples3 credits

  Introduction to key themes in human geography. Maps and the making, interpretation and contestation of landscapes, 'place', and territory. Investigation of globalization and the spatial organization of human geo-politics, and urban and rural environments.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 498Humans in Tropical Environments3 credits

  Focus on understanding of inter-relations between humans and neotropical environments represented in Panama. Study of contemporary rural landscapes, their origins, development and change. Impacts of economic growth and inequality, social organization, and politics on natural resource use and environmental degradation. Site visits and field exercises in peasant/colonist, Amerindian, and plantation communities.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• HIST 292History and the Environment3 credits

  Sketch of the history of the material aspects of human interaction with the rest of nature. Included will be a historian's view of the social, technical, and ecological implications of the great variety of activities devised by our species. Though global in outlook, this course will emphasize the relevant historiography of France, England and North America.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• HIST 510Environmental History of Latin America (Field)3 credits

  Human-nature interactions over different scales of time in Latin America (with an emphasis on neo-tropical environments) and the application of the historical perspective to contemporary environmental issues, including historiography and methodology; cultures of environmental knowledge.

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• ANTH 227Medical Anthropology3 credits

  Beliefs and practices concerning sickness and healing are examined in a variety of Western and non-Western settings. Special attention is given to cultural constructions of the body and to theories of disease causation and healing efficacy. Topics include international health, medical pluralism, transcultural psychiatry, and demography.

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• GEOG 303Health Geography3 credits

  Discussion of the research questions and methods of health geography. Particular emphasis on health inequalities at multiple geographic scales and the theoretical links between characteristics of places and the health of people.

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• PHIL 343Biomedical Ethics3 credits

  An investigation of ethical issues as they arise in the practice of medicine (informed consent, e.g.) or in the application of medical technology (in vitro fertilization, euthanasia, e.g.)

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• SOCI 225Medicine and Health in Modern Society3 credits

  Socio-medical problems and ways in which sociological analysis and research are being used to understand and deal with them. Canadian and Québec problems include: poverty and health; mental illness; aging; death and dying; professionalism; health service organization.

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• SOCI 309Health and Illness3 credits

  Health and illness as social rather than purely bio-medical phenomena. Topics include: studies of ill persons, health care occupations and organizations; poverty and health; inequalities in access to and use of health services; recent policies, ideologies, and problems in reform of health services organization.

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• ANTH 318Globalization and Religion3 credits

  The interactions between religion and the economic, social and cultural transformations of globalization: relations between globalization and contemporary religious practice, meaning, and influence at personal and collective levels.

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• EDER 461Society and Change3 credits

  Factors influencing patterns of stability and change in major social institutions and the implications for formal and non-formal education.

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• PHIL 221Introduction to History and Philosophy of Science 23 credits

  A survey of the development of modern science since the Eighteenth Century.

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• PHIL 237Contemporary Moral Issues3 credits

  An introductory discussion of central ethical questions (the value of persons, or the relationship of rights and utilities, for example) through the investigation of currently disputed social and political issues. Specific issues to be discussed may include pornography and censorship, affirmative action, civil disobedience, punishment, abortion, and euthanasia.

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• PHIL 341Philosophy of Science 13 credits

  A discussion of philosophical problems as they arise in the context of scientific practice and enquiry. Such issues as the philosophical presuppositions of the physical and social sciences, the nature of scientific method and its epistemological implications will be addressed.

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• PHIL 348Philosophy of Law 13 credits

  A discussion of the nature of justice and law, and of the relationship between them.

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• RELG 270Religious Ethics and the Environment3 credits

  Environmental potential of various religious traditions and secular perspectives, including animal rights, ecofeminism, and deep ecology.

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• RELG 370Religion and Human Rights3 credits

  Social justice and human rights issues as key aspects of modem religious ethics. Topics include: the relationship of religion to the modem human rights movement; religious perspectives on the universality of human rights; the scope and limits of religious freedom; conflicts between religion and rights.

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• AGRI 550Sustained Tropical Agriculture3 credits

  Contrast theory and practice in defining agricultural environmental "challenges" in the Neotropics. Indigenous and appropriate technological means of mitigation. Soil management and erosion, water scarcity, water over-abundance, and water quality. Explore agro-ecosystem protection via field trips and project designs. Institutional context of conservation strategies, NGO links, and public participation.

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• COMS 360Environmental Communication3 credits

  A survey of contemporary approaches to communication, media and environment in the field of communication studies. Focus on critical attention on media, communication and knowledge practices concerning environmental information, issues and controversies, as well as the environmental impacts of media technologies, infrastructures and practices. Topics include public communication of science and environmental information (journalism, governments; social movements), climate change communication, media materialities and toxicities (energy, pollution, waste), environmental racism and environmental justice, environment and disability,

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• ENVB 437Assessing Environmental Impact3 credits

  Principles and practice of Environmental Assessment (EA) in Canada and internationally. Exploration of issues surrounding impact assessment for sustainable development in different sectors, including their limitations.

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• ENVR 422Montreal Urban Sustainability Analysis3 credits

  Applied and experience-based learning opportunities are employed to critically assess Montreal as a sustainable city through research, discussion, and field trips. The urban environment is considered through various specific dimensions, ranging from: waste, energy, urban agriculture, green spaces and design, or transportation.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 302Environmental Management 13 credits

  An ecological analysis of the physical and biotic components of natural resource systems. Emphasis on scientific, technological and institutional aspects of environmental management. Study of the use of biological resources and of the impact of individual processes.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 340Sustainability in the Caribbean3 credits

  The local environmental, social, historical, political and economic context of Barbados and the Caribbean. The small island developing States (SIDS), and why those nations are more vulnerable to global environmental challenges. The 17 Sustainability Development Goals of the United Nations, with a focus on the leadership role played by Barbados for the entire Caribbean region.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 404Environmental Management 23 credits

  Practical application of environmental planning, analysis and management techniques with reference to the needs and problems of developing areas. Special challenges posed by cultural differences and traditional resource systems are discussed. This course involves practical field work in a developing area (Kenya or Panama).

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• NRSC 333Pollution and Bioremediation3 credits

  The environmental contaminants which cause pollution; sources, amounts and transport of pollutants in water, air and soil; waste management.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• POLI 350Global Environmental Politics3 credits

  Environmental problems like climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and ocean acidification transcend national borders. Solving these problems will require global cooperation on an unprecedented level. This course will explore the challenges of contemporary global environmental governance and the innovative solutions being advanced at the community, municipal, provincial, national, and international levels.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• WCOM 314Communicating Science3 credits

  Production of written and oral assignments (in English) designed to communicate scientific problems and findings to varied audiences Analysis of the disciplinary conventions of scientific discourse in terms of audience, purpose, organization, and style; comparative rhetorical analysis of academic and popular genres, including abstracts, lab reports, research papers, print and online journalism.

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• WILD 401Fisheries and Wildlife Management3 credits

  Principles of fisheries and wildlife management are considered and current practices of research and management are discussed.

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• WILD 421Wildlife Conservation3 credits

  Study of current controversial issues focusing on wildlife conservation. Topics include: animal rights, exotic species, ecotourism, urban wildlife, multi-use of national parks, harvesting of wildlife, biological controls, and endangered species.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• WOOD 441Integrated Forest Management3 credits

  The study of silviculture and silvics and their application to forest management to sustain the production of wood and other ecological goods and services such as wildlife, water and landscape in natural forests and rural environments (agroforestry). Acquisition of practical skills in forest surveying and computer simulation of forest growth.

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Published required and complementary course choices for the 54-credit Sustainability, Science and Society Interfaculty Program (B.A. & Sc.). This is a program within the degree, not the complete degree or a term-by-term timetable. Some requirements specify course levels or subjects rather than naming courses. 54 credits for this program; faculty-wide degree and foundation requirements apply separately.

• ENVR 201Society, Environment and Sustainability3 credits

  This course deals with how scientific-technological, socio-economic, political-institutional and behavioural factors mediate society-environment interactions. Issues discussed include population and resources; consumption, impacts and institutions; integrating environmental values in societal decision-making; and the challenges associated with, and strategies for, promoting sustainability. Case studies in various sectors and contexts are used.

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• GEOG 360Analyzing Sustainability3 credits

  Examines challenges to sustainability through a series of case studies to illustrate the analytical approaches used to understand the linkages between scientific-technological, socio-economic, political-institutional, ethical, and human behavioural aspect of systems. Includes cases that are thematic and place-based, national and international, spanning from the local to global scales.

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• GEOG 401Socio-Environmental Systems: Theory and Simulation3 credits

  Conceptual and simulation models of key case studies for developing system thinking, including system stability, threshold dynamics in regime shifts, resilience, and adaptive environmental management.

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• GEOG 460Research in Sustainability3 credits

  Through engaging in real-world sustainability challenges through hands-on research, learn to critically analyze problems that arise at the interface of multiple disciplines including the scientific-technological, socio-economic, political-institutional, ethical, and human behavioural. Develop an understanding of the leverages and road blocks in achieving a sustainability transition.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ENVR 200The Global Environment3 credits

  A systems approach to study the different components of the environment involved in global climate change: the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The interactions among these components. Their role in global climate change. The human dimension to global change.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ENVR 202The Evolving Earth3 credits

  Formation of the Earth and the evolution of life. How geological and biological change are the consequence of history, chance, and necessity acting over different scales of space and time. General principles governing the formation of modern landscapes and biotas. Effects of human activities on natural systems.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ENVR 203Knowledge, Ethics and Environment3 credits

  Introduction to cultural perspectives on the environment: the influence of culture and cognition on perceptions of the natural world; conflicts in orders of knowledge (models, taxonomies, paradigms, theories, cosmologies), ethics (moral values, frameworks, dilemmas), and law (formal and customary, rights and obligations) regarding political dimensions of critical environments, resource use, and technologies.

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• GEOG 203Environmental Systems3 credits

  An introduction to system-level interactions among climate, hydrology, soils and vegetation at the scale of drainage basins, including the study of the global geographical variability in these land-surface systems. The knowledge acquired is used to study the impact on the environment of various human activities such as deforestation and urbanisation.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 408Geography of Development3 credits

  Examines the geographical dimensions of development policy, specifically the relationships between the process of development and human-induced environmental change. Focuses on environmental sustainability, struggles over resource control, population and poverty, and levels of governance (the role of the state, non-governmental organizations, and local communities).

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• AEMA 310Statistical Methods 13 credits

  Measures of central tendency and dispersion; binomial and Poisson distributions; normal, chi-square, Student's t and Fisher-Snedecor F distributions; estimation and hypothesis testing; simple linear regression and correlation; analysis of variance for simple experimental designs.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• BIOL 373Biometry3 credits

  Elementary statistical methods in biology. Introduction to the analysis of biological data with emphasis on the assumptions behind statistical tests and models. Use of statistical techniques typically available on computer packages.

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• GEOG 202Statistics and Spatial Analysis3 credits

  Exploratory data analysis, univariate descriptive and inferential statistics, non-parametric statistics, correlation and simple regression. Problems associated with analysing spatial data such as the 'modifiable areal unit problem' and spatial autocorrelation. Statistics measuring spatial pattern in point, line and polygon data.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• MATH 203Principles of Statistics 13 credits

  Examples of statistical data and the use of graphical means to summarize the data. Basic distributions arising in the natural and behavioural sciences. The logical meaning of a test of significance and a confidence interval. Tests of significance and confidence intervals in the one and two sample setting (means, variances and proportions).

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• PSYC 204Introduction to Psychological Statistics3 credits

  The statistical analysis of research data; frequency distributions; graphic representation; measures of central tendency and variability; elementary sampling theory and tests of significance.

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• AGEC 200Principles of Microeconomics3 credits

  The field of economics as it relates to the activities of individual consumers, firms and organizations. Emphasis is on the application of economic principles and concepts to everyday decision making and to the analysis of current economic issues.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• AGEC 201Principles of Macroeconomics3 credits

  The overall economic system, how it works, and the instruments used to solve social problems. Emphasis will be on decision-making involving the entire economic system and segments of it.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ECON 208Microeconomic Analysis and Applications3 credits

  A university-level introduction to demand and supply, consumer behaviour, production theory, market structures and income distribution theory.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ECON 209Macroeconomic Analysis and Applications3 credits

  A university-level introduction to national income determination, money and banking, inflation, unemployment and economic policy.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ECON 225Economics of the Environment3 credits

  A study of the application of economic theory to questions of environmental policy. Particular attention will be given to the measurement and regulation of pollution, congestion and waste and other environmental aspects of specific economies.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ECON 230D1Microeconomic Theory3 credits

  The introductory course for Economics Major students in microeconomic theory. In depth and critical presentation of the theory of consumer behaviour, theory of production and cost curves, theory of the firm, theory of distribution, welfare economics and the theory of general equilibrium.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ECON 230D2Microeconomic Theory3 credits

  See ECON 230D1 for course description.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• INSY 455Technology and Innovation for Sustainability3 credits

  The role of information and other technologies in the size and nature of an organization’s environmental ‘footprint’. Achieving sustainability through strategic innovation, such as digitization, recycling, reuse of materials, sustainable design, LEED certifications, smart grids and energy metrics. Analyzing the environmental benefits and hidden costs of novel technologies.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• MGCR 460Social Context of Business3 credits

  Examination of how business interacts with the larger society. Exploration of the development of modern capitalist society, and the dilemmas that organizations face in acting in a socially responsible manner. Examination of these issues with reference to sustainable development, business ethics, globalization and developing countries, and political activity.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• MGPO 440Strategies for Sustainability3 credits

  This course explores the relationship between economic activity, management, and the natural environment. Using readings, discussions and cases, the course will explore the challenges that the goal of sustainable development poses for our existing notions of economic goals, production and consumption practices and the management of organizations.

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• MGPO 475Strategies for Developing Countries3 credits

  Strategic management challenges in developing and emerging economies. Focus on strategies that foster both firm competitiveness and economic development, including: technological capabilities, new forms of organization, small and large firms, global production, social impact, global standards and governance.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ENVB 437Assessing Environmental Impact3 credits

  Principles and practice of Environmental Assessment (EA) in Canada and internationally. Exploration of issues surrounding impact assessment for sustainable development in different sectors, including their limitations.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ENVB 529GIS for Natural Resource Management3 credits

  Applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques to the presentation and analysis of ecological information, including sources and capture of spatial data; characterizing, transforming, displaying spatial data; and spatial analysis to solve resource management problems.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ESYS 301Earth System Modelling3 credits

  Introduction to principal concepts of systems modelling related to Earth system science and environmental science, including simple numerical models, conservation laws of mass, energy, and momentum, discretization of governing differential equations, the stability of numerical schemes, and exploration of the ideas of equilibria, feedbacks, and complexity.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ESYS 500Collaborative Research Project3 credits

  The main steps in developing an Earth System Science research project: identifying knowledge gaps using scientific literature, designing a research strategy (observational, analytical or computational), conducting the research, analyzing and synthesizing results, and communicating results as a formal scientific report.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 201Introductory Geo-Information Science3 credits

  An introduction to Geographic Information Systems. The systematic management of spatial data. The use and construction of maps. The use of microcomputers and software for mapping and statistical work. Air photo and topographic map analyses.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 302Environmental Management 13 credits

  An ecological analysis of the physical and biotic components of natural resource systems. Emphasis on scientific, technological and institutional aspects of environmental management. Study of the use of biological resources and of the impact of individual processes.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 308Remote Sensing for Earth Observation3 credits

  A conceptual view of remote sensing and the underlying physical principles. Covers ground-based, aerial, satellite systems, and the electromagnetic spectrum, from visible to microwave. Emphasis on application of remotely sensed data in geography including land cover change and ecological processes.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 314Geospatial Analysis3 credits

  Overview of both the theoretical and applied aspects of geographic information science and systems. Topics will include spatial analysis techniques, geographic models as abstractions of the real world, spatial data manipulation and management, and conceptual issues related to geographic data and technology. Introduction to a number of leading commercial software including ESRI’s ArcGIS Pro.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 333Introduction to Programming for Spatial Sciences3 credits

  Introduction to conceptual and practical aspects of programming for the spatial sciences, focusing on programming concepts and techniques irrespective of the specific programming language, framework, or software. Topics include spatial data structures, flow control, classes and objects, and basics of geospatial data modeling and analysis.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 351Quantitative Methods3 credits

  Multiple regression and correlation, logit models, discrete choice models, gravity models, facility location algorithms, survey design, population projection.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 404Environmental Management 23 credits

  Practical application of environmental planning, analysis and management techniques with reference to the needs and problems of developing areas. Special challenges posed by cultural differences and traditional resource systems are discussed. This course involves practical field work in a developing area (Kenya or Panama).

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 414Advanced Geospatial Analysis3 credits

  Advanced techniques in geospatial analysis. Geospatial methods and using geospatial information systems. Topics: geodatabases, interpolation techniques, spatial classification methods, data mining and machine learning, including working with a number of leading commercial software including ESRI’s ArcGIS Desktop/Pro.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 495Field Studies - Physical Geography3 credits

  Field research projects in physical geography. Held locally in Monteregian or Eastern Township regions. The course is organised around field projects designed to formulate and test scientific hypotheses in a physical geography discipline. May Summer session.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 509Qualitative Methods3 credits

  Critical understandings of methodological approaches and debates involved in qualitative research in geography, including a focus on ethics, positionality, and rigour.

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• GEOG 512Advanced Quantitative Methods in Social Field Research3 credits

  How does one collect data to quantitatively assess research questions in human geography or other social sciences, and what methods are available to analyze those data? This course introduces students to advanced statistical techniques commonly confronted in field-based social science studies. The course is divided into four major topics: research design, evaluating impacts of policies or programs, time-series data, and spatial interactions. For the techniques investigated, the course will highlight major technical assumptions, field considerations for data collection, and how each does or does not account for geographic factors that may influence outcomes of interest.

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• URBP 506Environmental Policy and Planning3 credits

  Analytical and institutional approaches for understanding and addressing environmental issues at various scales; characteristics of environmental issues, science-policy-politics interactions relating to the environment, and implications for policy; sustainability, and the need for and challenges associated with interdisciplinary perspectives; externalities and their regulation; public goods; risk perception and implications; the political-institutional context and policy instruments; cost-benefit analysis; multiple-criteria decision-making approaches; multidimensional life-cycle analysis; policy implementation issues; conflict resolution; case studies.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• AGEC 333Resource Economics3 credits

  The role of resources in the environment, use of resources, and management of economic resources within the firm or organization. Problem-solving, case studies involving private and public decision-making in organizations are utilized.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• AGEC 430Agriculture, Food and Resource Policy3 credits

  Examination of North American and international agriculture, food and resource policies, policy instruments, programs and their implications. Economic analysis applied to the principles, procedures and objectives of various policy actions affecting agriculture, and the environment.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• AGEC 442Economics of International Agricultural Development3 credits

  The course deals with economic aspects of international development with emphasis on the role of food, agriculture and the resource sector in the economy of developing countries. Topics will include world food analysis, development project analysis and policies for sustainable development. Development case studies will be used.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ANTH 206Environment and Culture3 credits

  Introduction to ecological anthropology, focusing on social and cultural adaptations to different environments, human impact on the environment, cultural constructions of the environment, management of common resources, and conflict over the use of resources.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ANTH 212Anthropology of Development3 credits

  Processes of developmental change, as they affect small communities in the Third World and in unindustrialized parts of developed countries. Problems of technological change, political integration, population growth, industrialization, urban growth, social services, infrastructure and economic dependency.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ANTH 339Ecological Anthropology3 credits

  Intensive study of theories and cases in ecological anthropology. Theories are examined and tested through comparative case-study analysis. Cultural constructions of "nature" and "environment" are compared and analyzed. Systems of resource management and conflicts over the use of resources are studied in depth.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ECON 313Economic Development 13 credits

  Microeconomic theories of economic development and empirical evidence on population, labour, firms, poverty. Inequality and environment.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ECON 314Economic Development 23 credits

  Macroeconomic development issues, including theories of growth, public finance, debt, currency crises, corruption, structural adjustment, democracy and global economic organization.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ECON 326Ecological Economics3 credits

  Macroeconomic and structural aspects of the ecological crisis. A course in which subjects discussed include the conflict between economic growth and the laws of thermodynamics; the search for alternative economic indicators; the fossil fuels crisis; and "green'' fiscal policy.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ECON 347Economics of Climate Change3 credits

  The course focuses on the economic implications of, and problems posed by, predictions of global warming due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. Attention is given to economic policies such as carbon taxes and tradeable emission permits and to the problems of displacing fossil fuels with new energy technologies.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ECON 405Natural Resource Economics3 credits

  Topics include: Malthusian and Ricardian Scarcity; optimal depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources; exploration, risk and industry structure, and current resources, rent and taxation. Current public policies applied to the resource industries, particularly those of a regulatory nature.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 210Global Places and Peoples3 credits

  Introduction to key themes in human geography. Maps and the making, interpretation and contestation of landscapes, 'place', and territory. Investigation of globalization and the spatial organization of human geo-politics, and urban and rural environments.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 216Geography of the World Economy3 credits

  The course introduces the geography of the world economic system. It describes the spatial distribution of economic activities and examines the factors which influence their changing location. Case studies from both "developed" and "developing" countries will test the different geographical theories presented in lectures.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 303Health Geography3 credits

  Discussion of the research questions and methods of health geography. Particular emphasis on health inequalities at multiple geographic scales and the theoretical links between characteristics of places and the health of people.

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• GEOG 310Development and Livelihoods3 credits

  Geographical dimensions of rural/urban livelihoods in the face of socioeconomic and environmental change in developing regions. Emphasis on household natural resource use, survival strategies and vulnerability, decision-making, formal and informal institutions, migration, and development experience in contrasting global environments.

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• GEOG 316Political Geography3 credits

  The study of the spatial dimensions of political activities and developments at the regional, national and global levels in historical and contemporary perspective. Presentation of case studies relating to the theoretical framework of political geography.

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• GEOG 409Geographies of Developing Asia3 credits

  Current development questions that are of concern to the Asian region. Emphasis on critically studying the major processes of social, economic and environmental change through regional case studies in rural, peri-urban and urban contexts. Covers important debates and considerations that lie at the heart of development geography.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• HIST 292History and the Environment3 credits

  Sketch of the history of the material aspects of human interaction with the rest of nature. Included will be a historian's view of the social, technical, and ecological implications of the great variety of activities devised by our species. Though global in outlook, this course will emphasize the relevant historiography of France, England and North America.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• INDG 200Introduction to Indigenous Studies3 credits

  The focus is on Indigenous experience in Canada, but encourages comparative approaches. Introduction to the social, political, economic and cultural dimensions of Indigenous life in Canada.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• POLI 350Global Environmental Politics3 credits

  Environmental problems like climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and ocean acidification transcend national borders. Solving these problems will require global cooperation on an unprecedented level. This course will explore the challenges of contemporary global environmental governance and the innovative solutions being advanced at the community, municipal, provincial, national, and international levels.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• URBP 530Urban Infrastructure and Services in International Context 3 credits

  Issues of practical and theoretical importance in relation to urban infrastructure and services in the international context: science and technology, political economy, policy analysis, policy implementation, public finance, and institutions and governance.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• URBP 553Urban Governance3 credits

  Critical perspectives on the governance of contemporary cities and urban regions, with a focus on North America. The relationship between planners and other important local governance actors, including municipal governments, the realestate industry, and community groups. The role of planning and planners in challenging or perpetuating urban social, political, economic, and environmental inequities.

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• ENVR 400Environmental Thought3 credits

  Students work in interdisciplinary seminar groups on challenging philosophical, ethical, scientific and practical issues. They will explore cutting-edge ideas and grapple with the reconciliation of environmental imperatives and social, political and economic pragmatics. Activities include meeting practitioners, attending guest lectures, following directed readings, and organizing, leading and participating in seminars.

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• MGPO 450Ethics in Management3 credits

  An examination of the economic, legal and ethical responsibilities of managers in both private and public organizations. Through readings, case studies, discussions and projects the class evaluates alternative ethical systems and norms of behaviour and draws conclusions as to the right, proper and just decisions and actions in the face of moral dilemmas. The focus of this course is on the decision process, values and consistency of values of the individual and on the impact of systems control and incentives on managerial morality.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• PHIL 349Environmental Philosophy3 credits

  An introduction to environmental ethics; potentially also such related fields as philosophy of ecology, environmental aesthetics, and/or other philosophical topics demonstrably relevant to environmental issues.

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• RELG 270Religious Ethics and the Environment3 credits

  Environmental potential of various religious traditions and secular perspectives, including animal rights, ecofeminism, and deep ecology.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• SOCI 325Sociology of Science3 credits

  A review of sociological research on science as an institution. Topics include the culture and practice of science, societal influences on scientific processes, the use of scientific output and technology in media and society, and the impact of cultural and institutional forces on the evolution of scientific knowledge.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ATOC 214Introduction: Physics of the Atmosphere3 credits

  An introduction to key physical processes operating in the atmosphere, designed for students in science and engineering. Topics typically include: composition of the atmosphere; vertical structure; heat transfer; solar and terrestrial radiation and Earth's energy balance; seasonal and daily temperature changes; humidity and the formation of clouds and precipitation; stability of tropospheric air layers; applications of adiabatic charts.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ATOC 215Oceans, Weather and Climate3 credits

  An introduction to key physical and dynamical processes in the oceans and atmosphere. Topics typically include air-sea-ice interactions, laws of motion, the geostrophic and thermal wind relations, general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans, weather, radiative balance, climate sensitivity and variability, role of the atmosphere and oceans in climate.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• BIOL 308Ecological Dynamics3 credits

  Principles of population, community, and ecosystem dynamics: population growth and regulation, species interactions, dynamics of competitive interactions and of predator/prey systems; evolutionary dynamics.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• BIOL 310Biodiversity and Ecosystems3 credits

  Ecological bases of the natural causes and consequences of current global environmental changes, including how biodiversity and ecosystem processes are defined and measured, how they vary in space and time, how they are affected by physical and biological factors, and how they affect each other and human societies.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• BIOL 465Conservation Biology3 credits

  Discussion of relevant theoretical and applied issues in conservation biology. Topics: biodiversity, population viability analysis, community dynamics, biology of rarity, extinction, habitat fragmentation, social issues.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• BIOL 540Ecology of Species Invasions3 credits

  Causes and consequences of biological invasion, as well as risk assessment methods and management strategies for dealing with invasive species.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• BREE 217Hydrology and Water Resources3 credits

  Introduction to water resources and hydrologic cycle. Precipitation and hydrologic frequency analysis. Soil water processes, infiltration theory and modeling. Evapotranspiration estimation methods and crop water requirements. Surface runoff estimation as a function of land use modifications. Estimation of peak runoff rates. Unit hydrograph. Design of open channels and vegetated waterways.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• CHEM 462Green Chemistry3 credits

  New reactions and methods which can be used for the production of chemicals from renewable feedstocks; the use of new environmentally benign solvents, catalysts and reagents; organic reactions in aqueous media and in supercritical carbon dioxide; bio-catalysis and bio-processes.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ENVB 305Population and Community Ecology3 credits

  Interactions between organisms and their environment; historical and current perspectives in applied and theoretical population and community ecology. Principles of population dynamics, feedback loops, and population regulation. Development and structure of communities; competition, predation and food web dynamics. Biodiversity science in theory and practice.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ENVB 410Ecosystem Ecology3 credits

  Biotic and abiotic processes that control the flows of energy, nutrients and water through ecosystems; emergent system properties; approaches to analyzing complex systems. Labs include collection and multivariate analysis of field data.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ENVR 540Ecology of Species Invasions3 credits

  Causes and consequences of biological invasion, as well as risk assessment methods and management strategies for dealing with invasive species.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ESYS 200Earth-System Interactions3 credits

  Topics related to climate change, biogeochemical cycles and natural resources are evaluated from an Earth System perspective. Exploration of the scientific literature in targeted areas of Earth system science with a focus on human-Earth interactions. Emphasis is on complex global issues that cross traditional disciplines, and interpreting and communicating academic knowledge derived from Earth system research.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• ESYS 300Earth Data Analysis3 credits

  An applied introduction to programming and statistical image processing tools used in Earth system science, typically covering linear regression, statistical significance, Fourier analysis, empirical orthogonal function analysis. Use of global remote-sensing and in-situ observations.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 221Environment and Health3 credits

  Key chemical, physical, and social stressors in the environment, and how these affect the health of people and ecosystems. Hazards in air, water, food, and work environments. Historic, current, and future need for environmental health science, from scientific, personal, and practical perspectives.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 272Earth's Changing Surface3 credits

  Introduction to the study of landforms as products of geomorphic and geologic systems acting at and near the Earth's surface. The process geomorphology approach will be used to demonstrate how landforms of different geomorphic settings represent a dynamic balance between forces acting in the environment and the physical properties of materials present.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 305Soils and Environment3 credits

  Discussion of the major properties of soils; soil formation, classification and mapping; land capability assessment; the role and response of soils in natural and disturbed environments (e.g. global change, ecosystem disturbance).

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 321Climatic Environments3 credits

  The earth-atmosphere system, radiation and energy balances. Surface-atmosphere exchange of energy, mass and momentum and related atmospheric processes on a local and regional scale. Introduction to measurement theory and practice in micrometeorology.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 322Environmental Hydrology3 credits

  Quantitative, experimental study of the principles governing the movement of water at or near the Earth's surface and how the research relates to the chemistry and biology of ecosystems.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 372Running Water Environments3 credits

  The course focuses on the physical habitat conditions found in streams, rivers, estuaries and deltas. Based on the laws governing flow of water and sediment transport, it emphasizes differences among these environments, in terms of channel form, flow patterns, substrate composition and mode of evolution. Flooding, damming, channelisation, forestry impacts.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 403Global Health and Environmental Change3 credits

  Major themes and contemporary case studies in global health and environmental change. Focus on understanding global trends in emerging infectious disease from social, biophysical, and geographical perspectives, and critically assessing the health implications of environmental change in different international contexts.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 438Sand in the Anthropocene3 credits

  A critical examination of the increasing global consumption of sand resources and the human-causedchanges and impact on sediment dynamics, landscape evolution, ecological processes in freshwater ecosystemand conservation biology.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 470Wetlands3 credits

  An examination of the structure, function and utility of wetlands. Topics include the fluxes of energy and water, wetland biogeochemistry, plant ecology in freshwater and coastal wetlands and wetlands use, conservation and restoration. Field trip(s) are envisaged to illustrate issues covered in class.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 530Global Land and Water Resources3 credits

  Linkage of physical processes (hydrology and ecosystems) with issues of societal and socio-economic relevance (land, food, and water use appropriation for human well-being). Application of a holistic perspective on land, food and water issues in an international setting, highlighting linkages, feedbacks and trade-offs in an Earth system context.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• GEOG 555Ecological Restoration3 credits

  A broad overview of ecological restoration. Considers causes of environmental degradation, why and what we restore, how restoration goals are set, and standards in restoration practice, as well as critiques and philosophies of ecological restoration, such as "ecocultural" restoration.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition
• NRSC 333Pollution and Bioremediation3 credits

  The environmental contaminants which cause pollution; sources, amounts and transport of pollutants in water, air and soil; waste management.

  MCGILL complete current official course definition